What is an Autistic Shutdown? Signs, Triggers, and Coping Strategies

Have you ever come across a situation where all you want to do is just disappear? It’s like the world has become too loud, too bright, and too demanding. The only escape is complete solitude. The only relief you crave is to simply cease to exist, even if just for a moment.

This experience is simply called Autistic shutdown. It is a temporary state of withdrawal or disengagement from the environment, often experienced by autistic individuals. Overload of sensory and overwhelming emotional state often triggers such coping mechanisms. 

Autistic shutdown is not limited to just the feelings of disappearing. According to the NIH, It goes to an extent resulting in situational mutism where one is unable to communicate or speak. They feel detached from the limbs and go into a fetal position. 

For an autistic person, sensory overwhelming is often common and difficult to cope with. This article can help you explore the various triggers and coping strategies along with how to deal with Autistic shutdown in daily life. 

The Science Behind Autistic Shutdown

Sensory Processing: People on the autism spectrum often experience sensory input (being sensitive to light, sound, and smell) more intensely. This can lead to overwhelming sensations. When these sensory inputs become too much to process, the brain enters a state of overload, triggering a shutdown.

Functional Challenges: People with autism often find it hard to manage their emotions and behavior. This can make dealing with stressful situations difficult. When faced with too much to handle, like many tasks or sudden changes, the brain can become overwhelmed, leading to a shutdown.

Neurological Differences: The brain plays a big role in autistic shutdowns. A part of the brain called the amygdala, which controls fear and stress, can be overly active in people with autism. This can lead to strong feelings of anxiety. Extreme build-up of stress hormones in the body makes it harder for the brain to calm down.

Daily Life with Autistic Shutdown

Living with an autistic person can be challenging. Simple tasks like going to school, work, or even grocery shopping can be overwhelming. Preventing shutdowns is a skill many people with autism learn to master. Some of the most common challenges faced in daily life may include: 

• People may have to carefully plan their days, avoiding crowded places or loud environments. 
• Social interactions can be exhausting, and unexpected changes in routine can trigger a shutdown. 
• Health issues such as constant migraines, gastrointestinal issues, or exhaustion can be faced. 
• The constant fear of walking through life with a potential overload. 
• Difficulty in finding a balance between participating in daily activities.
• Increased chances of isolation and hampered work or school performance due to reduced social interaction.

Autistic Shutdown Triggers

While triggers can vary from person to person, let’s identify some common ones that include:

• Sensory overload such as loud noises, bright lights, strong smells, or being among crowds can be extremely distressing.
• Social interactions can be exhausting, especially in unfamiliar environments or with large groups.
• Unexpected changes to daily schedules can be disruptive and overwhelming.
• Emotional stress, anxiety, frustration, or sadness can contribute to a shutdown.
• Physical exhaustion and fatigue can lower tolerance for sensory input and increase the likelihood of a shutdown.
• Handling too many tasks or responsibilities at once can be overwhelming.
• Chronic pain and illness may also contribute to a shutdown as a result of escape from pain. 
• Lack of control over life or certain areas can increase the risk of constant stress. 

Additional Triggers may include

Sounds- Noisy places, loud voices, or even simple music that can be too much at times.

Touch- The feel of a cloth, being hugged, or stepping on something yucky can be upsetting.

Sight- Busy places, bright lights, or certain patterns can be visually overwhelming.

Smells- Strong smells like food, perfume, or animals can be bothersome.

Taste- Foods, drinks, or medicine might taste strange.

Movement- Riding in a car, being in an elevator for a long time, or exercising can sometimes be too much.

ADHD Shutdown vs Autistic Shutdown

ADHD and autism are coping mechanisms used to manage overwhelming stimuli or emotions. Both share common symptoms such as withdrawal from social interactions, difficulty communicating, emotional distress, and the need for rest.

However, there are distinct differences between the two. 

Triggers: Autistic shutdowns are often caused by sensory overload or emotional stress, while ADHD shutdowns are more likely due to general overwhelm.

Symptoms: Autistic shutdowns can be more severe, including physical symptoms, while ADHD shutdowns typically involve cognitive and emotional difficulties.

Recovery: Autistic shutdowns may take longer to recover and require more self-care and emotional regulation.

ADHD Shutdowns Symptoms and Recovery

• Difficulty focusing or concentrating.  
• I am feeling overwhelmed or exhausted.
• Difficulty regulating emotions.
• Potential for withdrawal or avoidance.

Recovery: The recovery is often quicker. The individuals may return to their normal functioning after a period of rest or relaxation.

Autistic Shutdown Symptoms and Recovery

• Withdrawal from social interactions.
• Difficulty communicating or responding.
• Physical symptoms like fatigue or pain.
• Emotional numbness or detachment.  

Recovery: This takes longer. Individuals may need more time to recharge and process their experiences.

Signs of Autistic Shutdown

The signs can vary from person to person depending on the various coping strategies for trauma, stress, and sensory overload. Here are some common symptoms:

• Individuals may become quiet or isolated.
• May feel difficulty in communicating or expressing. 
• Avoiding social activities and situations in total. 
• Struggling to concentrate.
• Feeling exhausted.
• Headaches or body aches become usual. 
• Eating less or more than usual.
• Experiencing increased anxiety or stress.
• Feeling sad, hopeless, or depressed.

How to Support Someone Experiencing Autistic Shutdown

1. Understanding and empathy– Empathising is crucial when supporting someone experiencing a shutdown. It’s essential to acknowledge that their experience is unique and to approach them with patience and respect.

2. Creating a calm environment – This can be helpful. Minimize sensory input by reducing noise, bright lights, and strong smells. Offer a quiet space where they can retreat and feel safe. Limiting distractions can also help them focus and reduce overwhelm.

3. Providing practical support – This simple step can make a significant difference. Assist them with basic needs like eating, drinking, or using the bathroom. Respect their boundaries. Autistic people often thrive when they have the opportunity to explore their passions. Allow them to set their own pace. 

4. Offering emotional support – According to research conducted by the libertpub, The study found that autistic people who participated in a research project felt supported and empowered by the opportunity to share their life stories with other autistic people. 

While recounting their experiences was often difficult and emotionally draining, participants appreciated the support provided by the autistic researcher and felt that they could share more with someone who understood their unique perspective. By avoiding pressuring them to talk or engage in activities if they’re not ready. Reassurance can be more comforting, letting them know they are safe and supported.

5. Seeking professional help – Encourage them to reach out to a therapist or counselor who specializes in autism. Offer to accompany them to appointments if they’re comfortable.

Bottom Line

Autistic shutdown is a complex and often misunderstood aspect of autism spectrum disorder. They can significantly impact an individual’s daily life and well-being. Understanding the triggers, symptoms, and coping strategies is essential for supporting individuals on this spectrum.

The support steps discussed above are crucial and can be beneficial in assisting your loved one with this condition. It is important to remember that each person’s experience is unique, and finding the right strategies may require time and patience.

Through increased awareness and understanding, we can work towards creating a more supportive environment for individuals with autism.

Frequently Asked Questions